The weft or filling yarns are those which, during weaving are introduced between the warp yarns, across the width direction of the fabric. The warp are also known as ends and wefts as picks. The lengthwise edge of the fabric is called selvage (Self + Edge) Grain indicates a direction parallel to either the warp or filling yarn. The direction not parallel to either of these yarns is called off grain. Woven fabric will elongate most in a direction that is 45� to both sets of yarns and this direction is called Bias.

The warp beam holds the length-wise yarns and is located at the back of the loom. This beam is controlled so that it releases yarn to the loom as it is needed.The Heddles are wires or metal strips with an eye located in the center through which the warp ends are threaded. The harness is the frame that holds the Heddles in position. Each loom has atleast two harnessess. A majority of looms for regular fabrics have four to twelve harnessess and some looms may have as many as thirty-two. Harnessess can be raised or lowered to produce the shed through which the filling yarn is passed and thus controls the pattern of weave.The shuttle move back and forth in the shed created, passing the filling yarns between the warp yarns. The reed is a comb like device that helps to pack the filling yarns into position in the woven fabric.