The warp beam holds the length-wise yarns and is located at the back of the loom. This beam is controlled so that it releases yarn to the loom as it is needed.The Heddles are wires or metal strips with an eye located in the center through which the warp ends are threaded. The harness is the frame that holds the Heddles in position. Each loom has atleast two harnessess. A majority of looms for regular fabrics have four to twelve harnessess and some looms may have as many as thirty-two. Harnessess can be raised or lowered to produce the shed through which the filling yarn is passed and thus controls the pattern of weave.The shuttle move back and forth in the shed created, passing the filling yarns between the warp yarns. The reed is a comb like device that helps to pack the filling yarns into position in the woven fabric.

Test the tension of the bobbin thread by pulling the thread end gently. There should be a slight but noticeable tension and bobbin should stay firmly in place. Leave a thread end 3 or 4 inches long extending from the bobbin case. Now open the slide plate lift the latch on the bobbin case with your thumb and forefinger and insert the bobbin case into the machine.